{
  "title": "Free Thailand Data Sources",
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-08",
  "scope": "Free public, open, public-dashboard, or free-registration data sources relevant to Thailand. Restricted, paid, MOU-only, and clearly commercial feeds are excluded.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "Open Government Data of Thailand",
      "category": "Catalogs and discovery",
      "url": "https://data.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API, CSV, XLS, JSON, geospatial files",
      "freeTier": "Free public; some actions may require account/API key",
      "cadence": "Varies by agency",
      "notes": "Primary national open-data portal and first crawl target."
    },
    {
      "name": "data.go.th CKAN API",
      "category": "Catalogs and discovery",
      "url": "https://data.go.th/api/3/action/package_search",
      "access": "CKAN API",
      "freeTier": "Free public read access",
      "cadence": "Catalog updates as agencies publish",
      "notes": "Use package_search, package_show, resource_show, and resource URLs."
    },
    {
      "name": "Government Data Catalog",
      "category": "Catalogs and discovery",
      "url": "https://gdcatalog.go.th/",
      "access": "Catalog/API",
      "freeTier": "Free public metadata and public datasets",
      "cadence": "Varies by agency",
      "notes": "Cross-agency discovery surface for statistical, record, API, and geospatial datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Thai-GDC / Open-D agency catalogs",
      "category": "Catalogs and discovery",
      "url": "https://gdcatalog.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/DataStore",
      "freeTier": "Free public where agency catalog exposes public resources",
      "cadence": "Varies by agency",
      "notes": "Many Thai agency portals share the same CKAN/Open-D patterns."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ministry of Transport Data Catalog",
      "category": "Transport",
      "url": "https://datagov.mot.go.th/",
      "access": "API, CSV, XLS, SHP, WMS, WFS",
      "freeTier": "Free public where resources are open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "High-value catalog for roads, rail, public transport, and transport geodata."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bangkok Open Data",
      "category": "Cities and civic",
      "url": "https://data.bangkok.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API, CSV, JSON",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Bangkok city data, including urban services and local datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Traffy Fondue public datasets",
      "category": "Cities and civic",
      "url": "https://www.traffy.in.th/",
      "access": "CSV/JSON/API where exposed through public catalogs",
      "freeTier": "Free public where released",
      "cadence": "Operational / frequent",
      "notes": "Civic complaint/problem reports such as flooding, potholes, garbage, lights, and local service issues."
    },
    {
      "name": "GISTDA Open Data",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://opendata.gistda.or.th/",
      "access": "Catalog, API, WMS, satellite/geospatial files",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Thailand geospatial and satellite data catalog."
    },
    {
      "name": "HDX Thailand",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://data.humdata.org/group/tha",
      "access": "API, CSV, GeoJSON, SHP",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Varies by dataset",
      "notes": "Humanitarian, boundary, crisis-response, population, and aid datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Thai Meteorological Department",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://www.tmd.go.th/",
      "access": "Website, RSS, API surfaces where available",
      "freeTier": "Free public; some APIs may require token",
      "cadence": "Forecasts and warnings update frequently",
      "notes": "Weather observations, forecasts, warnings, earthquakes, and weather-radar resources."
    },
    {
      "name": "TMD weather data services",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://data.tmd.go.th/",
      "access": "API/data service",
      "freeTier": "Free public or free token depending on endpoint",
      "cadence": "Frequent",
      "notes": "Machine-readable TMD data entry point."
    },
    {
      "name": "TMD earthquake information",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://earthquake.tmd.go.th/",
      "access": "Website/RSS/API-style feeds",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Event-driven",
      "notes": "Thailand and regional earthquake reports."
    },
    {
      "name": "Air4Thai / Pollution Control Department",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "http://air4thai.pcd.go.th/",
      "access": "JSON/XML/API-style feeds and dashboards",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Hourly / daily",
      "notes": "Thailand PM2.5, PM10, AQI, and air-quality station data."
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenAQ Thailand",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://openaq.org/",
      "access": "REST API",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Near real time where stations report",
      "notes": "Global air-quality API filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "WAQI / AQICN Thailand",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://aqicn.org/api/",
      "access": "API",
      "freeTier": "Free registration/token",
      "cadence": "Near real time",
      "notes": "Air-quality station feeds including Bangkok and Thailand stations."
    },
    {
      "name": "Thaiwater / National Hydroinformatics Data Center",
      "category": "Water and hydrology",
      "url": "https://www.thaiwater.net/",
      "access": "API, dashboards, CSV/ZIP where exposed",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Hourly / daily depending on dataset",
      "notes": "Integrated rainfall, water level, temperature, flood, and hydrology data."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hydro-Informatics Institute",
      "category": "Water and hydrology",
      "url": "https://www.hii.or.th/",
      "access": "Public website and Thaiwater services",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Institutional source behind national hydroinformatics data."
    },
    {
      "name": "Royal Irrigation Department",
      "category": "Water and hydrology",
      "url": "https://www.rid.go.th/",
      "access": "Dashboards, reports, API surfaces where exposed",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Daily / operational",
      "notes": "Reservoir, dam, irrigation, and water-management data."
    },
    {
      "name": "GISTDA Disaster Platform",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://disaster.gistda.or.th/",
      "access": "API, WMS, geospatial layers",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Near real time to daily",
      "notes": "Flood, fire, drought, PM2.5, rainfall forecasts, flood imagery, and disaster geospatial layers."
    },
    {
      "name": "NASA FIRMS",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/",
      "access": "API, CSV, WMS",
      "freeTier": "Free public; API key may be required",
      "cadence": "Near real time",
      "notes": "MODIS/VIIRS fire and thermal anomaly data filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Data Catalog",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://datacatalog.disaster.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API, CSV, RDF",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Disaster datasets including tsunami-risk and hazard data."
    },
    {
      "name": "GDACS",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://www.gdacs.org/",
      "access": "RSS/feed",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Every few minutes / event-driven",
      "notes": "Global disaster alerts filterable for Thailand and region."
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Earthquake API",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/fdsnws/event/1/",
      "access": "GeoJSON/API",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Near real time",
      "notes": "Earthquake events filterable by Thailand bounding box."
    },
    {
      "name": "ThaiRSC",
      "category": "Transport",
      "url": "https://www.thairsc.com/",
      "access": "Public dashboard",
      "freeTier": "Free public dashboard",
      "cadence": "Operational / frequent",
      "notes": "Road accident, death, and injury reporting dashboard."
    },
    {
      "name": "Thailand.go.th",
      "category": "News and government information",
      "url": "https://www.thailand.go.th/",
      "access": "API/RSS where exposed",
      "freeTier": "Free public; token may be required for API",
      "cadence": "Frequent",
      "notes": "Government news, issues, events, services, and guidebook-style information."
    },
    {
      "name": "Government Public Relations Department",
      "category": "News and government information",
      "url": "https://www.prd.go.th/",
      "access": "Website/RSS where exposed",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Frequent",
      "notes": "Official government public-relations and news releases."
    },
    {
      "name": "Open Law Data Thailand",
      "category": "Law, politics, and civic",
      "url": "https://github.com/tdri/Open-Law-Data",
      "access": "Bulk/data pipeline",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Regular / daily-ish",
      "notes": "Machine-readable Thai legal database derived from official sources."
    },
    {
      "name": "Royal Gazette",
      "category": "Law, politics, and civic",
      "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/",
      "access": "Website/PDF",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Official publication schedule",
      "notes": "Official source for laws, regulations, notices, and announcements."
    },
    {
      "name": "GDELT",
      "category": "News and government information",
      "url": "https://www.gdeltproject.org/",
      "access": "API/bulk",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "15-minute updates",
      "notes": "Global event/news graph filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "ACLED Thailand",
      "category": "Law, politics, and civic",
      "url": "https://acleddata.com/",
      "access": "API/export",
      "freeTier": "Free registration for many uses",
      "cadence": "Regular",
      "notes": "Political violence, demonstrations, protest, and conflict-event data."
    },
    {
      "name": "Geofabrik Thailand OSM Extract",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://download.geofabrik.de/asia/thailand.html",
      "access": "PBF/SHP",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Daily",
      "notes": "OpenStreetMap extract for Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenStreetMap Thailand",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/",
      "access": "OSM API/bulk via mirrors",
      "freeTier": "Free public under ODbL",
      "cadence": "Continuous",
      "notes": "Roads, buildings, POIs, land use, and map features."
    },
    {
      "name": "IOC Sea Level Station Monitoring",
      "category": "Water and hydrology",
      "url": "https://www.ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org/",
      "access": "Real-time feed",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Minute data / frequent updates",
      "notes": "High-frequency sea-level data useful for coastal monitoring."
    },
    {
      "name": "PSMSL",
      "category": "Water and hydrology",
      "url": "https://psmsl.org/",
      "access": "Batch time series",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Monthly and annual mean sea-level datasets including Thai stations."
    },
    {
      "name": "Royal Thai Navy Hydrographic Department",
      "category": "Water and hydrology",
      "url": "https://www.hydro.navy.mi.th/",
      "access": "PDF/batch tables",
      "freeTier": "Free public where posted",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Thai tide tables and hydrographic publications."
    },
    {
      "name": "National Statistical Office Data Catalog",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://catalog.nso.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API, CSV, XLS",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Official Thai statistical datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "NSO website",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://www.nso.go.th/",
      "access": "Reports, dashboards, downloads, RSS where exposed",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "National Statistical Office publications, surveys, and dashboards."
    },
    {
      "name": "NSO GIS",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://nsogis.nso.go.th/",
      "access": "GeoJSON/CSV/dashboard",
      "freeTier": "Free public where exposed",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Statistical geospatial layers and visualizations."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bank of Thailand API",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://apiportal.bot.or.th/",
      "access": "API",
      "freeTier": "Free registration/token",
      "cadence": "Daily/monthly depending on series",
      "notes": "Exchange rates, interest rates, financial markets, monetary, external, payments, public finance, loans, deposits, and NPLs."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bank of Thailand statistics",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://www.bot.or.th/",
      "access": "Downloads, dashboards, API portal",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Daily/monthly/quarterly",
      "notes": "Canonical Thai central-bank statistics."
    },
    {
      "name": "SEC Thailand Open Data / API Portal",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://api-portal.sec.or.th/",
      "access": "API/bulk/download",
      "freeTier": "Free registration/API terms",
      "cadence": "Daily/monthly/quarterly depending on product",
      "notes": "Securities, funds, digital assets, licenses, filings, and market data products."
    },
    {
      "name": "SEC market data and downloads",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://www.sec.or.th/",
      "access": "CSV/XLS/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where published",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Capital-market statistical releases and open-data downloads."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ministry of Commerce trade statistics",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://tradereport.moc.go.th/",
      "access": "Dashboard/API-style reports",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Monthly / periodic",
      "notes": "Thailand import/export summaries, products, HS codes, and trade reports."
    },
    {
      "name": "Thai Customs statistics",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://www.customs.go.th/",
      "access": "Reports/downloads/API-style resources",
      "freeTier": "Free public where published",
      "cadence": "Monthly / periodic",
      "notes": "Customs import/export and logistics-related statistics."
    },
    {
      "name": "Open DBD / Department of Business Development",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://datawarehouse.dbd.go.th/",
      "access": "Public search/download/API where available",
      "freeTier": "Free public for public search; some data restricted",
      "cadence": "Operational / periodic",
      "notes": "Juristic-person and company-registration data; keep restricted services out of free pipeline."
    },
    {
      "name": "Comptroller General e-GP",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://www.gprocurement.go.th/",
      "access": "RSS/API-style/scrape",
      "freeTier": "Free public where published",
      "cadence": "Frequent",
      "notes": "Public procurement notices and contract data."
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Debt Management Office",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://www.pdmo.go.th/",
      "access": "Dashboard/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Monthly / periodic",
      "notes": "Public debt outstanding, debt service, maturity, and debt components."
    },
    {
      "name": "Revenue Department Data Catalog",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://catalog.rd.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API where enabled",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Tax and revenue datasets; excludes restricted e-filing APIs."
    },
    {
      "name": "Excise Department Data Catalog",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://catalog.excise.go.th/",
      "access": "CSV/XLS/API/RDF where enabled",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Excise tax datasets and niche categories such as alcohol, tobacco, card import/license data."
    },
    {
      "name": "Fiscal Policy Office Data Catalog",
      "category": "Statistics, economy, and finance",
      "url": "https://catalog.fpo.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Monthly / periodic",
      "notes": "Fiscal and macroeconomic datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Treasury Department land valuation",
      "category": "Land and property",
      "url": "https://www.treasury.go.th/",
      "access": "Catalog/DataStore/search/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Land appraisal values and property-valuation resources."
    },
    {
      "name": "Energy Policy and Planning Office",
      "category": "Energy and agriculture",
      "url": "https://www.eppo.go.th/",
      "access": "API/dashboard/RSS/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Daily/monthly depending on series",
      "notes": "Oil, gas, petroleum prices, coal/lignite, electricity, emissions, and energy statistics."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ministry of Energy Open Data",
      "category": "Energy and agriculture",
      "url": "https://energy.go.th/",
      "access": "Portal/dashboard/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Energy datasets and live electricity-volume information where published."
    },
    {
      "name": "Office of Agricultural Economics",
      "category": "Energy and agriculture",
      "url": "https://www.oae.go.th/",
      "access": "Catalog/API/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Monthly / seasonal / annual",
      "notes": "Agricultural economic indexes, crop statistics, and agriculture datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "National Agricultural Big Data Center",
      "category": "Energy and agriculture",
      "url": "https://www.nabc.go.th/",
      "access": "API/data service",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Agriculture production, prices, price/production indexes, import/export, land, and household datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Department of Agricultural Extension Data Catalog",
      "category": "Energy and agriculture",
      "url": "https://catalog.doae.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Agricultural extension datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Department of Livestock Development data services",
      "category": "Energy and agriculture",
      "url": "https://dld.go.th/",
      "access": "Data hub/catalog where public",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Livestock, farms, farmer, and animal-movement/registration-related public datasets where released."
    },
    {
      "name": "Department of Fisheries Data Catalog",
      "category": "Energy and agriculture",
      "url": "https://catalog.fisheries.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Fisheries open-data catalog."
    },
    {
      "name": "Tourism Authority of Thailand API",
      "category": "Tourism and travel",
      "url": "https://developers.tourismthailand.org/",
      "access": "API",
      "freeTier": "Free registration/API terms",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Attractions, accommodation, routes, events, and tourism services."
    },
    {
      "name": "TAT tourism data catalog/statistics",
      "category": "Tourism and travel",
      "url": "https://www.mots.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API/CSV/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Monthly / periodic",
      "notes": "Tourism statistics, arrivals, survey datasets, and tourism-sector resources."
    },
    {
      "name": "Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand statistics",
      "category": "Transport",
      "url": "https://www.caat.or.th/",
      "access": "Batch reports/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Quarterly / periodic",
      "notes": "Aviation statistics, reports, and GHG-related aviation data."
    },
    {
      "name": "Airports of Thailand statistics",
      "category": "Transport",
      "url": "https://www.airportthai.co.th/",
      "access": "Batch reports/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Monthly / fiscal-year updates",
      "notes": "Airport and air-transport statistics."
    },
    {
      "name": "State Railway of Thailand / rail datasets",
      "category": "Transport",
      "url": "https://www.railway.co.th/",
      "access": "API/catalog/downloads where open",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Railway schedules and rail datasets where published through SRT/MOT surfaces."
    },
    {
      "name": "Department of Land Transport Data Catalog",
      "category": "Transport",
      "url": "https://web.dlt.go.th/statistics/",
      "access": "CSV/API/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Monthly / periodic",
      "notes": "Registered vehicles, licenses, and transport operator permit statistics."
    },
    {
      "name": "Department of Highways Data Catalog",
      "category": "Transport",
      "url": "https://www.doh.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/downloads where exposed",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Highway and road datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Namtang / OTP transport ecosystem",
      "category": "Transport",
      "url": "https://www.otp.go.th/",
      "access": "Public app/API unclear",
      "freeTier": "Free public where exposed",
      "cadence": "Operational",
      "notes": "Bus tracking, stops, stations, and transport-planning data where publicly released."
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Security Office Data Catalog",
      "category": "Labour, health, and education",
      "url": "https://www.sso.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API, CSV, PDF",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Monthly / periodic",
      "notes": "Social-security statistics and administrative datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ministry of Labour data portal",
      "category": "Labour, health, and education",
      "url": "https://www.mol.go.th/",
      "access": "API/portal where open",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Labour datasets and analytics portal resources."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ministry of Public Health Data Catalog",
      "category": "Labour, health, and education",
      "url": "https://data.moph.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/CSV/API where public",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Public-health datasets; excludes auth-only operational HDC APIs."
    },
    {
      "name": "Department of Disease Control Open Data",
      "category": "Labour, health, and education",
      "url": "https://ddc.moph.go.th/",
      "access": "Catalog/downloads/API where open",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Disease and health-hazard surveillance, screening, communicable/non-communicable disease datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "National Health Security Office APIs",
      "category": "Labour, health, and education",
      "url": "https://www.nhso.go.th/",
      "access": "API where public",
      "freeTier": "Free public or registration depending on endpoint",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "NHSO service/API integration; include only public/free endpoints."
    },
    {
      "name": "Thai FDA Data Catalog",
      "category": "Labour, health, and education",
      "url": "https://www.fda.moph.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/XLSX/API where enabled",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Drug, legal, product, health-product, hazardous-substance, and AMR datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "MHESI Open Data",
      "category": "Labour, health, and education",
      "url": "https://data.mhesi.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API/visualization",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Higher education, science, research, and innovation datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Office of the Education Council Open Data",
      "category": "Labour, health, and education",
      "url": "https://www.onec.go.th/",
      "access": "CSV/CKAN/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Education council statistics and reports."
    },
    {
      "name": "Royal Forest Department Data Catalog",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://www.forest.go.th/",
      "access": "CKAN/API where enabled",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Forest-related datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "National Spatial Data Infrastructure / Thai SDI",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://nsdi.go.th/",
      "access": "OGC services such as WMS/WFS/WCS/WPS",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "National spatial-data infrastructure and OGC geospatial services."
    },
    {
      "name": "ONEP GIS / environmental layers",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://www.onep.go.th/",
      "access": "WMS/downloads where open",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Environmental layers including conservation sites, waterbirds, urban green space, watershed quality, and related datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pollution Control Department noise monitoring",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://www.pcd.go.th/",
      "access": "Public monitoring reports/data",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Daily / current reports where available",
      "notes": "Noise-monitoring station data and Leq reports."
    },
    {
      "name": "Open Development Thailand / Mekong",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://thailand.opendevelopmentmekong.net/",
      "access": "SHP, GeoJSON, PDF, downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Boundaries, protected areas, laws, environment, and regional open-data mirrors."
    },
    {
      "name": "Protected Planet / WDPA Thailand",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://www.protectedplanet.net/",
      "access": "CSV/SHP/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public with terms",
      "cadence": "Regular",
      "notes": "Canonical global protected-area and OECM data filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "WorldPop Thailand",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://hub.worldpop.org/",
      "access": "STAC/GeoTIFF/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "High-resolution population grids and density data for Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "Google Earth Engine public catalog",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets",
      "access": "Earth Engine API",
      "freeTier": "Free for eligible noncommercial/research use",
      "cadence": "Varies; many datasets update daily",
      "notes": "Satellite and geoscience datasets filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Climate Data Store / ERA5",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/",
      "access": "API, NetCDF, GRIB",
      "freeTier": "Free registration",
      "cadence": "Regular",
      "notes": "Global climate/reanalysis data filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA IBTrACS",
      "category": "Weather, environment, and disasters",
      "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/international-best-track-archive",
      "access": "CSV/NetCDF",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Global tropical-cyclone best-track dataset for storm history/risk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Land Development Department soil layers",
      "category": "Geospatial and satellite",
      "url": "https://www.ldd.go.th/",
      "access": "SHP/downloads/catalog where open",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Soil series and land-resource maps."
    },
    {
      "name": "Thai Parliament open data / repository",
      "category": "Law, politics, and civic",
      "url": "https://www.parliament.go.th/",
      "access": "Portal/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Varies",
      "notes": "Legislative information and parliament open-data initiatives."
    },
    {
      "name": "WeVis parliament-watch",
      "category": "Law, politics, and civic",
      "url": "https://wevis.info/",
      "access": "GitHub/bulk/site data where public",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Project-dependent",
      "notes": "Politicians, assemblies, bills, votes, promises, and parliament-watch data."
    },
    {
      "name": "IPU Parline Thailand",
      "category": "Law, politics, and civic",
      "url": "https://data.ipu.org/",
      "access": "API, CSV, XLS",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Parliamentary and member data for Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "ELECT election data",
      "category": "Law, politics, and civic",
      "url": "https://elect.in.th/",
      "access": "GitHub/downloads/site datasets where public",
      "freeTier": "Free public where open",
      "cadence": "Election/project-dependent",
      "notes": "Election-related tools and datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "World Bank Data API Thailand",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/THA",
      "access": "API",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Country indicators for Thailand across World Bank datasets."
    },
    {
      "name": "IMF Data API",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://data.imf.org/",
      "access": "API/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Macro, fiscal, financial, BoP, inflation, and trade data filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "ADB Data Library / Key Indicators",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://data.adb.org/",
      "access": "API/SDMX/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Thailand economy, population, labour, energy, finance, trade, and debt indicators."
    },
    {
      "name": "UN Comtrade",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://comtradeplus.un.org/",
      "access": "API/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free registration/API quota",
      "cadence": "Monthly / annual",
      "notes": "Official country trade data filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "FAOSTAT",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/faostat/",
      "access": "API/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Food and agriculture data filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "ILOSTAT Thailand",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://ilostat.ilo.org/",
      "access": "API, CSV, XLS",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Labour-market statistics and Thailand country profile."
    },
    {
      "name": "WHO Global Health Observatory",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://www.who.int/data/gho",
      "access": "OData/API/downloads",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Periodic",
      "notes": "Health indicators, mortality, life expectancy, and health expenditure filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "ReliefWeb API Thailand",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://reliefweb.int/help/api",
      "access": "API",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Real time as content is added",
      "notes": "Humanitarian reports, disasters, jobs, and updates filterable to Thailand."
    },
    {
      "name": "IATI aid activity data",
      "category": "Humanitarian and international baselines",
      "url": "https://iatistandard.org/",
      "access": "XML/API/bulk",
      "freeTier": "Free public",
      "cadence": "Publisher-dependent",
      "notes": "Aid activities in Thailand through IATI publishers and mirrors."
    }
  ]
}